Using the French Expression À la rentrée

Utilizing the French Expression la rentrã ©e la rentrã ©e!â [a la ra(n) tray] is a French articulation used to mean, See you in September! or then again See you this fall! When interpreted actually, the expression implies, at the arrival. This is a basic informal expression of typical register. Step by step instructions to Use the Phrase In August, significant divisions of France delayed down or quit for the day totally. School is out, the legislature is pretty much AWOL, and numerous cafés and different organizations are shut also. Accordingly, many French individuals are in the midst of a get-away for all or part of the month, which implies that la rentrã ©e, in September, is something beyond understudies and instructors returning to class; its likewise every other person getting back and returning to work, coming back to regularity. la rentrã ©e! is a valediction, like bonnes vacances!â (have a pleasant get-away), a method of bidding farewell and an affirmation that youll see the other individual when you both return this present reality after your drawn out vacation.You can likewise utilize la rentrã ©e as a kind of perspective to that point in time, to clarify when something will occur, as in Je vais acheter une nouvelle voiture la rentrã ©e-Im going to purchase another vehicle toward the beginning of September/when school begins back up/after I return from get-away. A related expression,â les affaires de la rentrã ©e,â means school year kickoff bargains/deals.

Social Studies Csec Study Guide free essay sample

Customarily, marriage has been viewed as the perfect condition wherein sexual relations can happen. Visiting connections 1 Who did Jean Roberts wed? 2 Name two of Bryan and Michelle Roberts’ grandkids. 3 What is David Ramsey’s relationship to Sarah Booth? 4 Who are Sarah Booth’s cousins? LE Monogamy and polygamy Monogamy is a type of marriage wherein an individual has just a single spouse or husband at once. In polygamy, an individual may have more than one spouse or husband simultaneously. Polygyny is the place a man has more than one spouse, and polyandry is the place a lady has more than one husband. In the event that a thing is underestimated, it has moved from an increasingly focal situation out to the edges. At the point when we discussion of the underestimation of guys, we are alluding to circumstances where guys are considerably less prevailing or focal than they used to be. Ladies today are much of the time joint providers thus the family is less subject to the male for addressing its needs. We will compose a custom exposition test on Social Studies Csec Study Guide or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Females have been taking up and prevailing in training at ever-expanding rates and are found in numerous kinds of work that were at one time the spot for guys as it were. For some men, there is a feeling that their place in family and society has gotten significantly less certain or secure. Set up an introduction for youth bunch pioneers in your neighborhood network that plots a methodology for helping male adolescents to embrace a positive male personality. Your introduction should brie? y portray the changing jobs in Caribbean families and the impacts of these. Job con? ict EXAM TIP Be mindful of the idea that ladies have by and large bene? ted fro m the progressions in traditio nal jobs while a few men battle to make the important changes. LE Role con? ict is normally applied to the circumstance where the capacity to perform one job is blocked by the need to play out another job simultaneously.

Comparing Stanley Kowalski in Williams A Streetcar and Iago of Shakespeares Othello :: comparison compare contrast essays

Iago and Stanley of Othello and A Street Car Named Desire     In these two bits of writing, both Iago and Stanley plan an appalling plan to draw the fundamental characters, Othello and Blanche to their ruin. Iago is completely barbaric being while Stanley demonstrated his little still, small voice. They are both the ace and are splendid. In any case Iago appear to be a lot more intelligent than Stanley in correlation.     Iago and Stanley plan a sad plan to attract Othello and Blanche to their defeat since Othello elevates Cassio to lieutenancy, a place that he needs and it makes him plan a sad arrangement. Othello has assumed illicit relationship to Emilia who is Iago's better half. Therefore, Iago develops an arrangement to vindicate. Stanley detests Blanche in light of the fact that she crushes the great connection among him and his significant other, Stella. He imagines that she has sold the Belle Reve which he believes it's a piece of mostly him, however she doesn't give him any cash. The most significant one, he accept that Blanche depicts him as normal and inhuman. Consequently, he plots an arrangement to vindicate. Taking all things together, both Iago and Stanley start deplorable arrangement their scorn. Iago is totally barbaric while Stanley has little still, small voices in his heart. So as to accomplish the objective, Iago does everything that will profit himself in any event, executing others. He slaughters Roderigo who causes him a ton in his arrangement. He convinces Othello to murder his Desdemona. Moreover he slaughters his better half toward the end. Stanley has not yet completely lost his mankind. In spite of the fact that he has assaulted Blanche, he doesn't murder her or others. Besides, toward the finish of the play he settles her into a haven, yet he doesn't simply spurns her. This uncovers somebody will care for her later on, and she won't be living alone. In short, Stanley despite everything has little feelings of affection in her heart, however Iago is totally brutal, these two reprobates have an alternate level at various period.     As the miscreants in their plays, Iago and Stanley are both splendid, yet Iago's unfortunate arrangement is practically great. He can utilize other character's imperfection in his all around developed arrangement. The most brilliant thing he does is that ready to conceal his distinguish from others. He has all the earmarks of being respectable to other people, yet truth be told, he is detestable under worth. Hence, he can increase different character’s trust.

Mongolia Non-Governmental Organizations Essay - 275 Words

Mongolia Non-Governmental Organizations (Essay Sample) Content: Running Head: MONGOLIA NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONSMONGOLIA NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONSNameCourseInstitutionTutorDateRelative size of Mongolia NGOsMongolia is a landlocked country in central Asia. The neighbors are china to the south and Russia to the north. Its capital city is Ulaanbaatar. It is the largest city in the country housing about 45% of the country's population (Anheier & Themudo, 2002). The leaders run a parliamentary system of governance. Mongolia entered in an agreement with the World Trade Organization in 1997 in its quest to participate in regional economic trade. Since the country moved from centrally controlled to an open society, there has been a significant development and growth of NGO's. Four structural points or factors define the relative size of these NGO's (Anheier & Themudo, 2002). The first factor is the legal structure of the NGO. In 1997, the country's legislative assembly passed the NGO law, which marked a big step towards growth a nd development. The law was set to encourage the growth of NGO's. Incentives such as tax exemptions were placed to encourage more settlement. Contributions to NGO and and their activities are exempt to tax. The law also favors the development and running of NGOs in many other ways. If the NGO sent an application to the ministry of justice and it stays for 30 days without response, the NGO is deemed o be legally active (Anheier & Themudo, 2002). The second factor is the type and classification of NGOs where the law separates public benefit NGOs to member benefit NGO. Public NGOs operate for the benefit of the public in fields of culture, art, education, sports, science, and health. Mutual benefit NGOs are those that serve the legitimate interests of its members (Anheier & Themudo, 2002). The third factor is financial sources and fundraising activities. Mongolian NGOs raise most of their funds by organizing donor meetings, musical performances, shows, lotteries, among many other activ ities. The fourth pillar or factor is taxation policy. Even though taxes are to a large extend excepted, the organizations must pay fixed taxes. The law is lenient because it does not strictly prohibit NGOs from engaging in commercial activities (Anheier & Themudo, 2002).There are more than 4,000 non-governmental organizations in Mongolia. All these organizations are fully registered. In approximation, 2% falls in the class of member benefit organizations. The rest of the organizations are public benefit organizations (Anheier & Themudo, 2002).Importance of NGOs in MongoliaThe non-governmental organizations help to fight for women rights in Mongolia. One of the characteristics of Middle East countries is lack of freedom and respect for women rights (Warner & Sullivan, 2004). These NGOs help in liberating women to face equal opportunities as men. The other importance is liberating Mongolia's economy. The NGOs help liberate prices of commodities in a quest to enabling local residents to afford these commodities (Warner & Sullivan, 2004). So far, great stability on commodity price...

Cervical Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2555 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Biology Essay Type Review Tags: Cancer Essay Did you like this example? NHS Cervical Screening Programme: Liquid Based Cytology vs. Conventional Cytology Introduction Cervical screening, such as the regular programme provided by the NHS, is a very successful way of detecting the early signs of cervical cancer (Kitchener, Castle, Cox, 2006). The NHS programme screens around 3.5 million (Moss et al., 2003) to 4 million (Karnon et al., 2004) women annually and it is estimated that this prevents between 1100 and 3900 cases of cervical cancer a year (Moss et al., 2003). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cervical Example For Free" essay for you Create order In recent years a new way of screening the cervical samples has been developed. This is referred to as liquid based cytology rather than conventional cytology. However, there has been considerable debate over the costs and benefits of the new technology, as will be examined below. Background Information Cervical cancer is linked to human papillomaviruses (HPV), a family of common sexually transmitted viruses (Eifel, Berek, Markman, 2011). It is believed to be fairly common for women to be exposed to HPV viral cells but usually these are readily cleared by their immune response (Bosch Iftner, 2005). However, in some instances women can develop an HPV infection following exposure to viral cells. The infection can seem largely asymptomatic but actually causes the abnormal multiplication of cells in the cervix, leading to warts, lesions or benign tumours and, if the infection persists, it can cause cervical cancer (Bosch Iftner, 2005; Eifel et al., 2011). In fact, HPV is believed to be the main, perhaps even the sole, cause of cervical cancer. The NHS cervical screening programme is available to women aged between 25 and 64 years of age and involves taking a regular swab or smear of cells from inside their cervix (Moss et al., 2003). These are then sent to a pathology labo ratory where they are screened by a cytologist for any abnormalities associated with HPV. In the absence of any abnormalities women between the ages of 25 and 50 years are advised to return for testing every three years, and those aged between 50 and 64, every five years (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2013). The 2013 national statistics for the UK screening programme indicated that 78.3% of eligible women were up to date with their smear screening (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2013). Cervical Cytology The focus of this essay is on the process that takes place in the pathology laboratory, where the cervical samples are sent for cytological screening. A cervical cell sample that has no abnormal cells is categorised cytologically as being negative (negative for the presence of HPV or risk of cervical cancer). Alternatively, samples may be identified as containing borderline abnormal changes, or having dyskaryosis (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2013). In some literature the terms dysplasia or CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) seem to be used in place of dyskaryosis (Eifel et al., 2011), but NHS literature seems to make most consistent reference to dyskaryosis. The extent of dyskaryosis is then classified across a range from mild to severe. Depending upon the severity, the woman may be referred for colposcopy or recalled for a repeat cervical smear test 6-12 months later. In the 2013 national statistics, 6.5% of cervical samples were identified as being abno rmal, although only 1.2% were classified as being high risk (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2013). Recently a new cytological screening technique has been developed, called liquid based cytology (LBC). The aim of this new method was initially to try to reduce false-negative and false-positive results (Karnon et al., 2004; Siebers et al., 2009), as well as the number of samples that are ‘inadequate’ or ‘unsatisfactory’ for effective screening (Arbyn et al., 2008; Siebers et al., 2009). In the conventional cytology method, a woman’s cervical sample is transferred directly from the collection spatula onto a microscopic slide (Arbyn et al., 2008; Moss et al., 2003). This transfer process seems to sometimes lead samples to be ‘inadequate’ for screening because the transferred cells are too difficult to clearly discern. This manual process does also, very occasionally, result in false results, even when conducted by experi enced cytologists. The liquid based cytology (LBC) method involves a slightly different approach to the preparation of the slides. The cell sample is placed into a vial containing a preservative fluid (Arbyn et al., 2008; Moss et al., 2003). This creates a liquid suspension of the sample, which can then be poured onto the slide in a very thin, uniform layer. However, debate remains over whether this method really offers a substantial improvement over conventional cytology. The main points of contention surround accuracy and cost effectiveness, with other arguments relating to patient anxiety and opportunities for HPV testing. Exploring the Issues Accuracy Evidence is mixed over whether LBC offers a substantial improvement in accuracy compared to conventional cytology. Early studies, such as that by Monsonego et al. (2001), were very favourable towards LBC. Further, in an extension of the LBC technique described earlier, it became possible for a computerised system to read the LBC slides to identify potential areas of concern prior to examination by a cytologist (Davey et al., 2007). Across a large Australian sample of over 55,000 women, Davey et al. (2007) found that this method of LBC was significantly better at detecting additional high grade histology cases than conventional cytology. However, more recent studies seem to undermine these reputed improvements of LBC over conventional cytology. For instance, in 2009, Siebers et al, drawing upon a sample of close to 90,000 women in the Netherlands, concluded that LBC â€Å"is neither more sensitive nor more specific in detecting CIN or cancer† (p.1764). This same point i s reiterated almost exactly by Arbyn et al. (2008) at the end of their thorough review of the most reputable, gold standard comparison studies. Whilst this creates a somewhat inconclusive picture, it is evident that LBC has not offered as marked an improvement in accuracy as might have been hoped. However, it is important to point out that none of the studies suggest that LBC is less accurate than conventional cytology. In fact, all of the studies mentioned above agree that LBC probably is more sensitive at picking up mild abnormalities and changes. It is just that this too is framed from a negative angle in the more recent studies because of concerns that unnecessarily following up these cases, when they are likely to be cleared by the patient naturally, would waste resources that would be better focused on high risk patients (Arbyn et al., 2008). There is, however, one clear point that emerges in favour of LBC in relation to accuracy. All studies seem to conclude that L BC does reduce the number of inadequate or unsatisfactory samples (Arbyn et al., 2008; Davey et al., 2007; Doyle et al., 2006; Moss et al., 2003; Siebers et al., 2009; Williams, 2006). For example, when LBC was initially trialled at three sites in the UK in 2002, Moss et al. (2003) collated data showing that LBC reduced inadequate slide preparations from 9% of samples down to 1-2%. In Scotland the difference was even greater, falling from 13% to 1.9%, and consequently referrals to colposcopy for women with repeated unsatisfactory results dropped from 25% to just 0.5% (Williams, 2006). These improvements substantially raise the efficiency of the whole screening programme. Therefore, it seems likely to have been these sorts of results that influenced the NHS that it would be cost effective to adopt LBC across the UK (Arbyn et al., 2008; Moss et al., 2003; Williams, 2006). Cost Effectiveness Turning to cost effectiveness, there are a number of aspects to take into consideration. As mentioned above, LBC may lead to a potential increase in costs if there is an increase in following up low risk abnormalities. Whilst this is framed negatively by Arbyn et al. (2008) it might be better, both for the patient and economically, to fully confirm that there is no cancer risk earlier on, rather than allowing any potential cancer to develop. Further, the significant reduction in inadequate samples may outweigh this through much larger potential savings. Reducing the number of women who are recalled due to an inadequate sample saves valuable nursing time, reduces administration costs and reduces the costs associated with repeating the whole procedure. With these primary care benefits in mind, Moss et al. (2003) estimated that LBC could generate savings of between one to ten million pounds annually. More recent studies have focused on the laboratory to consider whether LBC im proves productivity during this part of the process. Doyle et al. (2006) studied several laboratories during the change over from conventional cytology to LBC and found that on average each scientist was able to process more samples per day. The data collated by Williams (2006) similarly demonstrated that overall workload in the laboratories decreased and backlogs were cleared. Presumably, if LBC is combined with the computerised imaging technology that automates a large part of the process, there may be further efficiency as cytologist time and effort can be focused on the samples identified to contain abnormalities. Of course, all of this economising does not take into account the initial investment costs involved, or the on-going cost of the LBC specific materials. It is notable that both techniques mentioned in the NHS pilot study, ThinPrep and SurePath, are registered trademarks. Perhaps this is why more recent studies tend to argue that one of the disadvantages of LBC is that it is more expensive, both in terms of initial outlay and on-going operating costs (Arbyn et al., 2008; Eifel et al., 2011). Therefore, Arbyn et al. (2008) suggest that â€Å"economic advantage might be peculiar to the United Kingdom where inadequacy rates for the conventional Pap were excessively high† (p.175). Patient Anxiety Beyond economics, another important point to consider is patient anxiety. A benefit of reducing inadequate samples is the reduction in anxiety for the patient. Although the nurse may try to reassure the woman that an inadequate sample does not indicate any abnormality, it may be difficult for the patient not to fear a risk of cancer. On the otherhand, if minor abnormalities picked up via LBC are followed up, as Arbyn et al. (2008) suggest, this might create unnecessary stress and anxiety for these patients and their families. This seems to suggest that between the two technologies patient anxiety may balance out being alleviated for some patients or created for others. However, perhaps the balance swings in favour of LBC here, as it would seem preferable to monitor cases of mild abnormality just in case these progress, rather than to create unnecessary anxiety due simply to technical inferiority. HPV Testing The other key advantage of LBC is the potential it offers to conduct additional laboratory tests. Preparing an LBC slide from the cervical sample uses only a small amount of the solution in the vial. Therefore, the remainder can be subjected to further tests. In particular, it is now possible for laboratories to test for the presence of HPV using HPV DNA testing (Kitchener et al., 2011). Any cases showing cell abnormalities during LBC can undergo HPV testing on the same sample. This might clarify any false-negative cases or mild abnormalities without the woman even knowing. It would also reduce the costs of referring false-negative patients for colposcopy or for an unnecessary recall screening. Whilst controversy has largely focused on conventional cytology and LBC, the NHS actually introduced LBC in combination with HPV testing (Moss et al., 2003). Recent studies have demonstrated that HPV testing may be more powerful than cytology, and suggest it may come to replace cytol ogy as the primary screening technique (Katki et al., 2011; Kitchener et al., 2011). Katki et al. 2011 advocate that one negative result via HPV testing offers â€Å"strong reassurance against cervical cancer for five years in women from age 30† (p.1470). This could significantly reduce primary care costs as currently women aged 30-50 are tested every 3 years under the NHS screening programme. Kitchener et al. (2011) have gone further than this, suggesting that HPV testing might even allow the interval between cervical screens to be extended to every six years. Conclusion There has been significant debate around the shift from conventional to liquid based cytology when screening for cervical cancer. This has been particularly heightened given the evidence that LBC does not appear to reduce false-positive or false-negative results in the way that had been hoped. However, in the UK at least, LBC significantly reduces the number of ‘inadequate’ samples, reducing primary care costs and patient anxiety in these cases. Although it is a little unclear whether LBC is more cost effective when all costs are taken into consideration, it seems that by investing in the technique the NHS is now well placed to quickly and easily adopt new scientific developments, such as wide-scale HPV testing. Given LBC, HPV DNA testing and the HPV vaccination, cervical cancer prevention seems to be a rapidly advancing area of science where new developments progress fairly quickly from research into routine health practice. Therefore, it seems wise that the NHS chose to invest in LBC and HPV testing when it did so that it can keep apace, and continue to offer cutting edge cancer screening to women. References Arbyn, M., Bergeron, C., Klinkhamer, P., Martin-Hirsch, P., Siebers, A. G., Bulten, J. (2008). Liquid compared with conventional cervical cytology: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstetrics Gynecology, 111(1), 167-177. Bosch, X. F., Iftner, T. (2005). The aetiology of cervical cancer. Sheffield: NHS Cancer Screening Programmes. Davey, E., dAssuncao, J., Irwig, L., Macaskill, P., Chan, S. F., Richards, A., Farnsworth, A. (2007). Accuracy of reading liquid based cytology slides using the ThinPrep Imager compared with conventional cytology: prospective study (Vol. 335). Doyle, B., OFarrell, C., Mahoney, E., Turner, L., Magee, D., Gibbons, D. (2006). Liquid-based cytology improves productivity in cervical cytology screening. Cytopathology, 17(2), 60-64. Eifel, P. J., Berek, J. S., Markman, M. A. (2011). Cancer of cervix, vagina, and vulva. In V. T. DeVita, T. S. Lawrence, S. A. Rosenberg (Eds.), DeVita, Hellman and Rosenbergs Cancer: Principles Practice of Oncology (9th ed.). Phildelphia: Lippincott, Williams Wilkins. Health and Social Care Information Centre. (2013). Cervical screening programme, England 2012-13. Leeds: UK Statistics Authority. Retrieved from https://www.hscic.gov.uk Karnon, J., Peters, J., Platt, J., Chilcott, J., McGoogan, E., Brewer, N. (2004). Liquid-based cytology in cervical screening: An updated rapid and systematic review and economic anylsis. Health Technology Assessment, 8(20). Katki, H. A., Kinney, W. K., Fetterman, B., Lorey, T., Poitras, N. E., Cheung, L., . . . Castle, P. E. (2011). Cervical cancer risk for women undergoing concurrent testing for human papillomavirus and cervical cytology: a population-based study in routine clinical practice. The Lancet Oncology, 12(7), 663-672. Kitchener, H. C., Castle, P. E., Cox, J. T. (2006). Chapter 7: Achievements and limitations of cervical cytology screening. Vaccine, 24, Supplement 3(0), S63-S70. Kitchener, H. C., Gilham, C., Sargent, A., Bailey, A., Albrow, R., Roberts, C., . . . Peto, J. (2011). A comparison of HPV DNA testing and liquid based cytology over three rounds of primary cervical screening: Extended follow up in the ARTISTIC trial. European Journal of Cancer, 47(6), 864-871. Monsonego, J., Autillo-Touati, A., Bergeron, C., Dachez, R., Liaras, J., Saurel, J., . . . Mottot, C. (2001). Liquid-based cytology for primary cervical cancer screening: a multi-centre study. British Journal of Cancer, 84(3), 360-366. Moss, S. M., Gray, A., Legood, R., Henstock, E. (2003). Evaluation of HPV/LBC cervical screening pilot studies. UK: First report to the Department of Health evaluation of LBC (December 2002). Siebers, A. G., Klinkhamer, P. J. J. M., Grefte, J. M. M., Massuger, L. F. A. G., Vedder, J. E. M., Beijers-Broos, A., . . . Arbyn, M. (2009). Comparison of liquid-based cytology with conventional cytology for detection of cervican cancer precursors. The Journal of the American Medical Associatio n, 302(16), 1757-1764. Williams, A. R. W. (2006). Liquid-based cytology and conventional smears compared over two 12-month periods. Cytopathology, 17(2), 82-85.

Analysis Of Bruce Tuckman s 12 Angry Men - 2237 Words

12 Angry Men is a film that plays on show many features of Organizational Behavior. The jurors of 12 men are locked in a room to deciding the future boy who is being accused of murdering his father; the movies show the four stages of Bruce Tuckman’s Group Development Model of Forming, Storming, Norming and Performing. With this model, the movie also show difficulties and cohesiveness that the 12 different men experience as they must come together to make a single decision. While attempting to make this decision, they show several examples of influential behavior being highlighted throughout the film, as each member of the Jury experience using reason, assertiveness, coalition building, higher values and bargaining tools. During the first stage of Tuckman’s Model, teams go through what is called â€Å"Forming.† Although I would not consider the group of Juror’s a team by definition, they are a group that must work together to accomplish a common goal. As as serted in the discussion on team roles, â€Å"the potential for teamwork lies in the fact that a whole is greater than the sum of its parts; the collective work of a group of people is more than its individuals could accomplish separately† (Levi, 2007). There is a process of initial orientation during Forming, where groups essentially test each other to establish relationships with leaders, other group members and standards. In the film as the Jurors settled into the deliberation room, Juror #1 was previously randomly selected asShow MoreRelatedSociology and Group41984 Words   |  168 Pagespeople d. 6–9 people e. 8–12 people Answer: c. 5–7 people . According to your textbook, the most important factor separating successful groups from unsuccessful ones is a. having a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 12 members in a group. b. a clear goal. c. strong leadership. d. member independence and interdependence. e. group morale. Answer: b. a clear goal. . According to your textbook, a group s context refers to a. the type and size of the group. b. the group s physical and psychologicalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesManager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Christian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishingRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesCongress Subject Headings: Principles and Application, Fourth Edition Lois Mai Chan Developing Library and Information Center Collections, Fifth Edition G. Edward Evans and Margaret Zarnosky Saponaro Metadata and Its Impact on Libraries Sheila S. Intner, Susan S. Lazinger, and Jean Weihs Organizing Audiovisual and Electronic Resources for Access: A Cataloging Guide, Second Edition Ingrid Hsieh-Yee Introduction to Cataloging and Classification, Tenth Edition Arlene G. Taylor LIbRaRy and InfoRMaTIon

Corporate Finance for Federal Reserve Bank -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Finance for Federal Reserve Bank. Answer: Depicting how discount rate is derived and evaluating its significance in relation to other factors Discount rate is mainly identified as the moral interest that is used by commercial and other financial depositories for loans received from Federal Reserve Bank. The discounting rate directly indicates the relevant interest rate, which could be used for identifying the discounted cash flow. The main factors and benefits that could be portrait by the discount rate is relevant evaluation of an investment opportunity. Discounting rate is directly used by companies for identifying the overall future cash flows value in present time. This directly helps the management to meet adequate investment decisions, which could in turn generate the required level of income and stability within the organisation. Jarmolowicz et al. (2014) mentioned that evaluation of adequate discounting rate directly allows the organisation to identify the benefits that could be provided by different investment and choose the most appropriate investment opportunity. Evaluating the alternatives for depicting the effect on price per share and shareholders wealth: Dividend payment Value Share price $ 116.00 Expenses $ 13,325.00 outstanding shares 5,125 Alternative share price $ 113.40 Alternative share price $ 113.40 Dividend $ 2.60 Shareholder's wealth $ 116.00 Share repurchase Value Expenses $ 13,325.00 Number of share repurchase 115 Share price $ 116.00 Shareholder's wealth $ 116.00 From the overall evaluation alternative share price is mainly at $113.40, while the shareholder wealth is mainly at $116. On the other hand, using share repurchase could eventually make the share price constant, where both share price and shareholder wealth will be at $116. Depicting the EPS and PER of Mustangs under two different scenarios: Dividend payment Value Alternative share price $ 113.40 EPS $ 4.25 P/E ratio 26.68 Share repurchase Value EPS $ 4.25 outstanding shares 5,125 Number of share repurchase 115 Actual outstanding shares 5,010 New EPS $ 4.35 Share price $ 116.00 New EPS $ 4.35 P/E 26.68 Depicting in real world scenario the actions that could be recommended: From the evaluation of both scenarios share buyback is not recommended for you would purposes, as it directly reduces the overall cash availability of the company while declining the number of circulated shares. On the other hand, dividend payment is one of the reliable opportunities that could be conducted by the company. However, share buyback would eventually increase demand for the company while decreasing its capability to acquire more projects. From the overall evaluation dividend payment is mainly considered to be one of the most viable actions, which is conducted by the company. Hence, the dividend payment needs to be conducted by the company. Discussing whether companys dividend policy is not as important as its capital structure policy: The statement indicating that company's dividend policy is not as adequate as company's capital structure policies is relatively adequate. The companies with strong capital structure are mainly able to generate the required level of income by investing in adequate projects. This could eventually help in providing relevant dividends by the company as they have strong capital structure to support the dividend expense. Companies with dividend policy could eventually end up losing the required level of capital for expansion and growth process. Therefore, it is important for companies to increase their capital structure and generate the required level of profits from operations. Travlos, Trigeorgis and Vafeas (2015) mentioned that the use of adequate capital structure policy could eventually help in strengthening the financial capability of the organisation, while improving its ability to compensate and acquire more projects, which could help in attaining sustainable growth. Depicting the process and amount by which increment in income could be conducted without increasing the risk: Helena's Health Food Earnings before interest 20,000 Market value of debt 58,000 Kd 5.50% Ke 13% Market value of equity 143,818 Actual Total market value 201,818 Equilibrium value 181,818 WACC 5.32% Investment 2,876.36 Expected increment in income 152.93 Total amount received 3,029.29 Depicting the potential advantage and disadvantage to a companys owner for increasing proportion of debt in capital market: There is relevant advantage for increasing debt in an organisation, as it might help in reducing the overall tax expenses and increasing the retained income of the organisation. The relative use of debt could eventually help in fixing the overall expenses that needs to be conducted by the company for acquiring the capital to complete their endeavours. However, there are limitations of using excessive debt, as it increases the overall insolvency condition of the organisation. Moreover, the use of debt could also increase the interest payments, which might claw into the profits of the organisation (Graeber and Piketty 2014). Depicting how much has Connor made or lost: Particulars Value 90 day future contract 93.67 Close out position value 92.46 Face value 1,000,000 Contract number 5 Actual investment 468,350,000 Close out position 462,300,000 Loss in transaction (6,050,000) Depicting how much has Milly made or lost in total: Particulars Value 10-year bond futures 94.69 Close out position value 96.02 Face value 100,000 Contract number 2 Actual investment 18,937,000 Close out position 19,204,000 Profit in transaction 267,000 Depicting how much has Michelle made or lost in total: Particulars Value SPI 200 futures 5,350.00 Close out position value 5,480.00 1 Contract number 5 Actual investment 26,750 Close out position 27,400 Profit in transaction 650 Explaining the determinants of future prices and factors that might cause future market price at maturity to be different from the spot market prices: The key determinants of the future prices can be identified from the volatility in capital market. The relevant changes in the future prices if due the continuous shift in the demand and supply of shares. In addition, the factors that might cause the future market price at maturity to be different from spot prices are the continuous trading from investors, changes in volatility, and demand perception of investors. These factors mainly result in the difference in spot and future prices of stocks (Rezende and Richardson 2015). Calculating theoretical value of a right to one new share: Particulars Value Share price 24.00 Subscription price 21.10 Issue 4.00 Number of shares required 1.00 Value of the right in cents 1.45 Calculating ex-rights price and the amount of right per share: Particulars Value Share price 24.00 Subscription price 21.10 Issue 4.00 Value of introduced shares 84.40 Market value of 5 shares 108.40 Therefore theoretical ex-right share value 21.68 Depicting what will happen if subscription price was $26: If the overall subscription price was $26, while the shares were trading in the market for the value of $24, then there will be no buyers for the stock. This is mainly demand and supply concept, were the overall subscription needs to be lower than market prices, as it will instigate the investors to opt for the issued shares. Depicting the minimum possible subscription price: According to theory, the minimum possible subscription price, which could be provided by the company, needs to be greater than $0. Discuss if company conducts share issue then overall value of investors shareholding is reduced: The relevant investment is only true if investor does not take part in the right issue, which could in turn affects its overall shareholding in the company. In addition, the increment in shares would eventually raise the overall supply, while demand among investors would remain unchanged. This could directly result in declining share value and affect shareholding of the investor. Gielens et al. (2017)mentioned that share price of the company is mainly derived from the rising demand and supply of shares in the market. Describing and evaluating the range of agency relationships that exist for an incorporated entity, while describing the extent to which value is incorporated in the entity: Agency relationship is one of the essential factors that allow the organisation to work smoothly, as it helps in controlling the old activities of the organisation. Agency relationship is integrated in operations and existence of a corporate entity, as it helps the organisation to effectively conduct its daily operations. The range of agency relationships starts from the production facility, while moving towards office, sales and representative facilities of the organisation. The organisations without the help of agency relationship are not able to improve productivity, as it helps in smoothing their daily operations. Bodie (2013) mentioned that managers of an organisation are mainly responsible for building relationship with the workers, which could help in smoothly finishing the production capacity of the organisation. Agency relationship directly indicates that all the managers have to act according to the duties without pursuing their personal interest. This Agency relationship mainly allows the organisation to conduct all the relevant activities that is needed for improving their overall productivity. The agency relationship is mainly identified as legal right or authority that is provided by the organisation to personal in the management for controlling its overall activities. Use of agency theory directory allows the organisation to accumulate relevant individuals, which could help in conducting its operations. In addition, the agency theory directly acts on behalf of the organisation as a third party, All the relevant dealings and creating a fiduciary relationship. Hoenen and Kostova (2015) stated that agency relationship can be conducted on both oral and written form, where adequate person needs to be selected for the job. On the other hand, Hannafey and Vitulano (2013) argued that without a dequate check the overall agents could use manipulator and unethical measures in acquiring wealth and reducing productivity of the organisation. The identified agents of an organisation could adequately increase both sales and productivity of the company. The incorporated organisations have relevant management and directors were responsible for making relevant decisions. However, due to increased operations the managers need to appoint relevant representatives such as agent, which could take relevant decisions on behalf of the company. Without the help of agency relationship organisations will not be able to expand and grow, as minor decisions needs to be conducted by a relevant representatives of the organisation (Pepper and Gore 2015). In addition, companies with agent relationship are able to increase the operation is capability, as the agents conduct dealing on behalf of the organisation References and Bibliographies: Bodie, Z., 2013.Investments. McGraw-Hill. Gielens, K., Geyskens, I., Deleersnyder, B. and Nohe, M., 2017. The New Regulator in Town: The Effect of Walmart's Sustainability Mandate on Supplier Shareholder Value.Journal of Marketing. Graeber, D. and Piketty, T., 2014. Soak the Rich: An exchange on capital, debt, and the future.The Baffler, (25), pp.148-154. Hannafey, F.T. and Vitulano, L.A., 2013. Ethics and executive coaching: An agency theory approach.Journal of business ethics,115(3), pp.599-603. Hoenen, A.K. and Kostova, T., 2015. Utilizing the broader agency perspective for studying headquarterssubsidiary relations in multinational companies.Journal of International Business Studies,46(1), pp.104-113. 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